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授業科目名 科学者倫理
時間割番号 GSC501 D
担当教員名 小島　立
開講学期・曜日・時限 集中・(未登録)・(未登録) 単位数 1
＜対象学生＞
This course targets natural science students who are expected to learn fundamental issues in “Research Ethics”, and “Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Policy” in contemporary society.
＜授業の目的および概要＞
The Purpose of the Course and its Overview

In this course, we would like to discuss the role of natural scientists in contemporary society from a multidimensional perspective.
It is evident that contemporary society has greatly benefited from the achievement of science and technology. In order to be responsive to societal support, the accomplishment of scientific research and the publication of research results should be made in a fair and accountable manner. This is the issue of “Research Ethics” or “Research Integrity”.

Various innovations derived from scientific research also provide a variety of benefits which improves our quality of life. It is now presumed that various “smart technologies” including AI, Big Data, Robotics, Internet of Things (IoT), etc. will dramatically change our lives and society in the near future.

However, technological innovation inevitably accompanies disruption, which creates uncertainties and risks. If we cannot properly control such uncertainties, new technologies and innovation will not be empathically received throughout the society. This is the issue of “Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Policy.”

In Europe, for example, the concept of “Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI)” has been discussed. RRI “implies that societal actors (researchers, citizens, policy makers, business, third sector organisations, etc.) work together during the whole research and innovation process in order to better align both the process and its outcomes with the values, needs and expectations of society.” (https://ec.europa.eu/programmes/horizon2020/en/h2020-section/responsible-research-innovation) In the United States and Japan, similar concept such as “Responsible Innovation” has been also argued.

Currently, the regulation of the implementation of “smart technologies” is becoming more and more difficult, because regulatory framework cannot catch up with rapid advancement such as the proliferation of various global “platforms” to develop their business relying on these “smart technologies”.

Standing on the verge of complex “smart societies”, it is obvious that natural scientists are more expected than ever to collaborate various actors in the society including policymakers, lawyers, civil society, etc. to find out and give solutions to minimize uncertainties. This is the reason why we need to learn from the discussion of RRI.
＜到達目標＞
Goal of the Class

The goals of this class are as follows:
(1) To acquire basis knowledge of “Research Ethics”, and “Science, Technology, Innovation (STI) Policy.”
(2) To be able to critically examine the role of natural scientists in contemporary society.
＜授業の方法＞
Class Format

This course will meet intensively between February 12th and 14th, 2020. Participants are expected to read assignments beforehand, and to be actively engaged in class participation. At the end of the course, all participants are expected to make 3 minutes’ presentation.
＜成績評価の方法＞
No評価項目割合評価の観点
1小テスト／レポート 50  %Submission of the report 
2受講態度 20  %Class attendance and contribution 
3発表／表現等 30  %3 minutes’ presentation (like TED Talks) 
＜受講に際して・学生へのメッセージ＞
Message to Participants

In contemporary society, it is getting more and more important for natural scientists to communicate with various societal actors in order to conduct scientific research accountably and responsively, and to socially implement the fruits of science and technology in a harmonious manner. The instructor envisages a productive discussion related to “Research Ethics”, and “Science, Technology, Innovation (STI) Policy” with participants of this course.
＜テキスト＞
  1. 1. Science Council of Japan (SCJ), Statement: Code of Conduct for Scientists –Revised Version– (2013),
    (available at http://www.scj.go.jp/en/report/Code_of_Conduct_for_Scientists.pdf and http://www.scj.go.jp/en/report/Code_of_Conduct_for_Scientists-Revised_version.pdf)

  2. Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy, National Academy of Science, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine of the National Academies, On Being a Scientist: A Guide to Responsible Conduct in Research (3rd ed., National Academies Press 2009) available at https://www.nap.edu/catalog/12192/on-being-a-scientist-a-guide-to-responsible-conduct-in
  3. Kathi E. Hanna, The Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications Program of the National Center for Human Genome Research: A Missed Opportunity?, in Ruth Ellen Bulger, Elizabeth Meyer Bobby and Harvey V. Fineberg (eds.), Society's Choices: Social and Ethical Decision Making in Biomedicine (National Academies Press 1995), pp.432-457 available at https://www.nap.edu/catalog/4771/societys-choices-social-and-ethical-decision-making-in-biomedicine
  4. RRI Tools, A practical guide to Responsible Research and Innovation: Key Lessons from RRI Tools (2016),
    (available at https://www.rri-tools.eu/-/rri-tools-a-practical-guide-to-responsible-research-and-innovation-key-lessons-from-rri-tools-)
＜参考書＞
  1. Lawrence Lessig, Code: And Other Laws of Cyberspace, Version 2.0 (2nd Revised ed, Basic Books 2006),
    (available at http://codev2.cc/download+remix/Lessig-Codev2.pdf)

  2. OECD Science, Technology and Innovation Outlook 2018: Adapting to Technological and Societal Disruption (320 pages including tables and figures),
    (available at https://www.oecd.org/sti/oecd-science-technology-and-innovation-outlook-25186167.htm)
＜授業計画の概要＞
Contents of the Course

February 12th (Wednesday), 2020
1. Orientation of the course
2. Research Ethics (Code of Conduct for Scientists, and On Being a Scientist, pp.1-23)
3. Research Ethics (On Being a Scientist, pp.24-48)

February 13th (Thursday), 2020
4. Ethical, Legal and Social Issues (ELSI) (The article of Kathi E. Hanna)
5. Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) (A practical guide to Responsible Research and Innovation, pp.1-31)
6. Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) (A practical guide to Responsible Research and Innovation, pp.33-57)

February 14th (Friday), 2020
7. Students'' Presentation and Q&A session
8. Students'' Presentation and Q&A session